In a country as diverse and vast as India, ensuring that perishable goods remain fresh and safe across long distances is no small feat. That’s where cold chain logistics come in—a silent enabler of everyday essentials like fruits, vegetables, dairy, seafood, and life-saving pharmaceuticals.
At its core, cold chain logistics is about maintaining optimal temperature conditions from the farm or factory right up to the consumer’s plate. This intricate system involves a combination of refrigerated storage, temperature-controlled transport, and efficient distribution. When it works seamlessly, it doesn’t just preserve product quality—it prevents huge amounts of waste.
The Numbers Tell the Story
India’s cold storage capacity has been expanding steadily—from 6,891 units in 2014–15 to 8,698 units in 2023–24, clocking a CAGR of about 4% annually. As of August 2024, the total cold storage capacity reached 39.6 million tonnes. Unsurprisingly, Uttar Pradesh leads the pack, commanding over 38% of the country’s total capacity.
This growth isn’t just impressive—it’s essential. The Indian cold chain logistics market was valued at approximately ₹509 billion in FY 2024–25 and is projected to grow at a robust 5–7% CAGR over the next five years.
A Sector Coming Into Its Own
Over the last decade, India’s cold chain logistics industry has emerged as a strategic priority. Since being granted infrastructure status in the Union Budget of 2011–12, the sector has enjoyed easier access to long-term finance and welcomed 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) under the automatic route. This has spurred significant private sector participation and investment. To further accelerate development, the government has introduced a suite of forward-thinking policies.
A Burgeoning Ecosystem
As demand rises, so does competition. Several companies are making their mark, including Blue Star Ltd., Snowman Logistics, Stellar Value Chain Solutions, Gati Kausar India Ltd., Coldman Logistics, Dev Bhumi Cold Chain Ltd., Rinac India Ltd., Cold Care Services Pvt. Ltd. and so on. These players are bringing innovation, scale, and efficiency to a sector ripe for transformation.
The Road Ahead
India’s agricultural productivity is on the rise. Organized retail and e-commerce are booming. Pharmaceutical exports are gaining global traction. All these trends converge in one critical area: cold chain infrastructure.
Yet, challenges remain. India still grapples with gaps in cold storage availability, a limited fleet of reefer vehicles, and a shortage of ripening chambers. Bridging these gaps presents a golden opportunity for both domestic and international investors looking to make a tangible impact on sustainability and supply chain resilience.
With technology integration, government support, and rising awareness about food safety and sustainability, the cold chain sector in India is poised not just for growth—but transformation.